《全球风暴》里的控制天气系统,有可能真的实现吗?
译文内容简介
这一次,地球又五花八门的被毁了
数十年来,好莱坞最擅长的事情,就是在大屏幕上“摧毁”世界。
方法,各式各样、五花八门。
这些影片有个共同的名称,就是灾难大片(disaster movie)。
上周五,《全球风暴》(Geostorm)在内地上映 (release),并在周末登顶票房冠军。
作为今年最新一部引进中国的灾难巨制,《全球风暴》将花样摧毁世界的好莱坞传统再次发扬光大。
Over the past decades, Hollywood has tried its best to “destroy” the world many times on the big screen. Films like this are classified as disaster movies.
The latest such movie to be brought to the Chinese mainland this year, Geostorm was released across the country on Friday and topped the country’s box office charts over the weekend.
这部影片的导演是美国电影人迪安·德夫林(Dean Devlin)。
他出生于演艺世家,从电视剧演员起步,和“灾难片之王”罗兰·艾默里奇(Roland Emmerich)搭档后,凭借在《独立日》(Independence Day)和《哥斯拉》(Godzilla)等担任制片人和编剧声名鹊起。
尽管在好莱坞也是颇有年头的风云人物,《全球风暴》对于今年55岁的德夫林而言,却是他的第一部大银幕导演处女作(directorial debut)。
The movie’s director is American filmmaker Dean Devlin, known for producing and penning Roland Emmerich’s Independence Day and Godzilla.
Devlin began his career in the showbiz industry as a television series actor.
Meanwhile, though Devlin had directed some TV series earlier, Geostorm marks his directorial debut for films.
这位有着一半菲律宾血统的导演曾透露,他拍摄《全球风暴》的灵感来源于多年前,当时他7岁的小女儿在学校听老师讲了气候变化(climate change)有可能引发的危机,很担心,回来问他爸爸:人类能不能造个机器把这个修好呢?
虽然只是一句童言稚语,对德夫林而言,却令他脑洞大开。
He says his inspiration for the movie came from a chat with his daughter who was then 7.
When his daughter heard about climate change and its subsequent impacts at school, she was worried and asked her father if humankind could build a machine to fix it.
《全球风暴》整个故事,就是在这样一个调调儿之上展开的。
That chat set the tone for Geostorm, a sci-fi story.
全片讲述在不远的未来,人类为应对自然灾难,造了一套名叫“荷兰男孩”的天气控制系统,由一个在太空里飘着的国际天气空间站和许多卫星来控制地球上的风霜雨雪。
In the movie, scientists construct a satellite-based system to control climate. The system, called Dutch Boy, consists of an international climate space station and a series of satellites.
但很快,人类就发现,自个儿扮演“造物主”,还是很容易给坏人钻空子的。“荷兰男孩”出现了故障,莫名引发了一系列灾难。
先是阿富汗村庄被冰雹袭击,村民被冻成冰棍;然后是香港突然变热,地面能摊熟鸡蛋,地下岩浆滚涌而出;再是里约热内卢瞬间被呼啸的海浪冰冻……
But the system malfunctions and sparks a string of disasters: a village in Afghanistan is frozen; Hong Kong sees part of the city destroyed in a firestorm; and a deadly ice wave sweeps Rio de Janeiro.
地球危在旦夕,至于英国明星杰拉德·巴特勒(Gerard Butler)扮演的科学家如何拯救全人类,就不过多剧透了。
With the Earth then at the point of collapse, the system’s architect, played by British actor Gerard Butler, is assigned to handle the crisis.
当然,粉丝们可能也比较伤心地看到,吴彦祖没出场多久,就去领便当了。
以编剧成名的德夫林,自然不会放过自己搞创作的机会。他和另一个编剧保罗·盖特(Paul Guyot)一起,共同创作了《全球风暴》的原创剧本。
Devlin and scriptwriter Paul Guyot co-wrote the script of Geostorm.
在超级英雄续集铺天盖地的好莱坞,大制作的原创故事,已经颇为少见。
曾经采访过不少科幻影评人,他们认为,科幻片最大的难度,在于如何构筑一个可信但又超出现实的未来世界。
德夫林并非理科生,在这方面,他走了捷径,去问那些懂行的专家们。
早在2006年时,他就曾监制纪录片《谁消灭了电动车》(Who Killed the Electric Car?),这部纪录片有汤姆·汉克斯(Tom Hanks)、梅尔·吉布森(Mel Gibson)等好莱坞巨星加盟,还原了电动车兴衰史。
这部纪录片也因此让德夫林接触到一些绿色能源领域的专家。
他因此了解到,有不少科学家在进行这方面的探索,也有人在试图研制类似“荷兰男孩”这样的天气控制系统。
所有这些零散的科学信息,拼凑在一起,加上两位编剧的脑洞大开,最后演绎出《全球风暴》的故事。
For the film, Devlin used his knowledge of geoengineering — a science which aims to tackle climate change by removing CO2 from the air or limiting the sunlight reaching the planet — gained when he produced the 2006 documentary Who Killed the Electric Car?, which featured Tom Hanks and Mel Gibson.
而这,就在科学爱好者中间,引出一个有趣的问题:《全球风暴》中的这套威力无穷的控制天气系统,有可能真的出现在现实生活中吗?
而聊到控制天气(control weather),这就涉及到一个新兴而时髦的学科(burgeoning science)——地球工程学(geoengineering)。
据德夫林自己在先前的采访中透露,他曾向不少研究者请教过,觉得自己在电影中空想出来的那套系统,还跟科学家们正在研究的那些,有点差不多这意思。
所谓地球工程学,英国《卫报》(The Guardian)的环境专栏,是这么解释的:
In an article from The Guardian, geoengineering is explained as a science "aiming to tackle climate change by removing CO2 from the air or limiting the sunlight reaching the planet."
地球工程学主要研究:通过移除空气中的二氧化碳,或减少阳光对地球的辐射量,从而控制天气变化。
这门学科在最近十几年来,发展迅速,有不少科学家在从事这方面的研究,但至于控制天气变化,还完全属于纸上谈兵的空想阶段。
科技新闻网站Motherboard关于《全球风暴》离真实世界有多远,还专门采访了科学家。
哈佛大学应用物理和公共政策教授戴维·基思(David Keith)认为:“《全球风暴》和地球工程学在科学和政治上的关系,就像《后天》和气候变化在科学和政治上的关系一样,那就是,几乎没有任何关系。”
他本人目前正参与一个类似的项目,但据他披露,进展很是缓慢,就目前来看,人类不可能充当造物主的角色,在某一个特定的地方制造一场突如其来的风暴。
David Keith, a professor in applied physics and public policy at Harvard University, says: “Geostorm’s relationship to the science and politics of geoengineering seem about as realistic as The Day after Tomorrow’s relationship to the science and politics of climate change. That is, there is almost no relationship.”
罗格斯大学(Rutgers University)的环境科学教授阿兰·罗伯克(Alan Robock)则认为:
“The technology portrayed in the movie, as far as I can tell from the trailer, does not exist, and I know of no way to actually control the weather in the manner indicated. It is pure science fiction. The multiple tornadoes and huge wall of water from the ocean are impossible, given my understanding of climate physics, and clearly were invented to make the movie exciting.”
“《全球风暴》电影中所描述的那种技术,就我目前在预告片中看到的,是不存在的,人类也绝无可能以这样的方式控制天气。这部电影中表现的,完全是科幻的。从天气物理学角度来看,影片中出现的连绵不断的龙卷风和海滩陡立起的幕墙般的巨大海浪,都是不可能被操控实现的。这些场面,显然只是为了让电影显得更惊心动魄。”
看来,目前我们还无需担心有一套呼风唤雨的系统会在太空上飘着,而且会一不小心成为坏人的“武器”。
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